Causes of BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Causes of BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill 1. Introduction The concept of effective leadership represents a theoretical framework to analyse the case study Deepwater Horizon Accident. The idea of an effective leader can be captured by the following basic principles: the leader must have a long term and strategic vision (what should be achieved? How should be achieved? Who should achieved an identified goal?). A leader should be focused on people. This implies the identification of instrumental goals, their effective communication, and human beings involvement. The involvement depends both on incentive system and involvement. effective leaders are increasingly characterised as being enablers   helping people and organisations to perform and develop. This implies that the leader has to achieve a sophisticated alignment between peoples needs and the aims of the organisation The leader needs to balance, reconcile and integrate opposite cultural values (Hofstede). The conflicting values and cultural differences emerges whenever a leader deals with stakeholders (consumers, environmental groups, trade unions). Hofestede (1978) identifies four dimension to analyse cultural value of nations. He describes the following elements: power distance individualism vs collectivism Masculinity vs. femininity Weak vs. strong uncertainty avoidance Long vs. short term orientation 2. The Case Study The Deepwater Horizon Accident was caused by the escape of hydrocarbons resulting in explosions and fire on the rig. At that time the social media emphasizes this accident not for the death of eleven people and the injured of seventh, but also in connection with main environmental damages (such as the rig sank and the continued flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir). The following investigation reveal that: The team did not identify any single action or inaction that caused this accident. Rather, a complex and interlinked series of mechanical failures, human judgments, engineering design, operational implementation and team interfaces came together to allow the initiation and escalation of the accident. Multiple companies, work teams and circumstances were involved over time. ( BP 2010, 5) Thus, the problematic situation in Mexican Gulf seem to be generated by the leadership style, as they fail of focusing developing a clear vision and communication and exercising strong control to the organization. This statement represents a thought provoking situation in order to analyse the behaviour and leadership style of three leaders (Tony Hayward, Bob Dudley, Barack Obama) 2.1 Tony Hayward At the time of natural disaster Tony Hayward was the Chief executive of BP. In coherence with Hofstede (1978), he showed a short term vision in his communication activity. The Guardian (14 May 2010) indicate that the Chief executive declared: The Gulf of Mexico is a very big ocean. The amount of volume of oil and dispersant we are putting into it is tiny in relation to the total water volume. The same article report the emerging conflicts between BPs efforts (to contain the spill had succeeded in dispersing the oil and preventing large amounts reaching the shoreline around the Gulf) and the environmentalists concerns the unseen damage being done to marine life. Additionally, Tony Hayward admitted that BP had made mistakes in its early response to the crisis. It initially refused to compensate fishermen who were unable to produce written proof of their normal earnings. Instead, the main worry concerned share values and profit distribution. The leader also failed to deal with the stake holders revealing an individualistic approach and short term vision in firms management style. This aspect was also revealed by the weak safety policy adopted by the BP company. 2.2 Bob Dudley Following the criticism related to Tony Hayward, Bob Dudley was designated as the new Bp Chief Executive. Mr Dudley joined the board of BP before, as his most high-profile role was as the chief executive of BPs joint venture in Russia, exploiting oil fields in eastern Siberia. The BBC report (2010) reveals: Mr Dudley is widely respected within the company, and from a PR point of view, it might help that he is American, not British. BP has often been described as Public Enemy Number One in the US since the oil spill. Now that the company is to be run by an American, it could help it in its battle to rebuild its reputation in the US. In coherence with Hofestede (1978), this assumption underlines the implications of national distance on leadership recognition and recruitment. The Christian Science Monitor (2010) also reports BPs voice in America will no longer come with a British accent attached. The Christian Science Monitor (2010) also indicates: Hes been in the frying pan. Dudley is no stranger to tough situations. The oil business these days involves working in difficult terrain, whether thats in physical terms (a mile below the seas surface) or politically. His work has taken him to the South China Sea, Angola, Algeria, and Egypt. Hes been in the fire. He wont bring fresh eyes to the Gulf. Hes already been one of BPs point men there helping to orchestrate the failed top kill and other efforts to plug the wellhead leak. His new role simply formalizes something chairman Svanberg had already announced that Hayward would soon relinquish day-to-day management of the spill response. Hes has shown some care with words. This is important, because BP has both a public-image problem and legal challenges and those two things can tug a corporate spokesman in different ways. One calls for an air of forthrightness, the other for caution. In accordance with these empirical evidences a crisis management requires contingency theory can explain leadership style. In this situation there is a unique way to lead a company, but the optimal course of action depends upon the internal and external situation (Mintzberg, 1979). However, another criticism from Bob Dudley s leadership style related to high ethical and moral issues. This aspect emerges with his previous experiences in Russia area. 2.3 Barack Obama The new leader of US, Barack Obama has signalled the intention to assign criminal charges in the Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster. Mr Obama said his government would do whatever it takes to clean up the oil, adding that BP was responsible and must pay. This approach can be equate the position of Obama to that of a leader of social justice. However, there some critical aspects: a. the social media describe that Obama was playing golf during the oil crises; b. the majority of Americans disapprove of how Mr Obama has managed the crisis; c. the Republicans accuse Mr Obama of exploiting the crisis for his own political gain. Were dealing with a massive and potentially unprecedented environmental disaster. The oil that is still leaking from the well could seriously damage the economy and the environment of our Gulf states. And it could extend for a long time. It could jeopardise the livelihoods of thousands of Americans who call this place home. , pledging to bring those responsible to justice if laws were broken. President Barack Obama sharpened his criticism of BP Plc and pressed the energy giant to halt the oil gushing from its ruptured well. President Barack Obama has been criticised for playing golf while the BP oil spill disaster continues Barack Obama has been criticised for continuing to play golf while oil spills into the Gulf of Mexico. He has played at least seven times since the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded on April 20, creating Americas biggest environmental disaster. Having already racked up 39 games since taking office, Mr Obama is approaching the record as the U.S. President spending the most time on the golf course. Republican Party chairman Michael Steele has called on the President to stop playing until the oil leak has been curbed. Steele said Speaking in Louisiana,. He said the focus was now on preventing any further damage to the Gulf coast. BP says it will be at least a week before temporary measures to stem the leak are in place. But it could take up to three months to drill relief wells that could fully contain the spillage, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar warned on Sunday. The Deepwater Horizon rig, which was carrying out work on behalf of BP, sank on 22 April, two days after a huge explosion that killed 11 workers. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal has warned the spill threatens the way of life in his state. Mr Obama flew to Louisiana on Sunday to see for himself the damage. Speaking in the town of Venice, he said: Were dealing with a massive and potentially unprecedented environmental disaster. The oil that is still leaking from the well could seriously damage the economy and the environment of our Gulf states. And it could extend for a long time. It could jeopardise the livelihoods of thousands of Americans who call this place home. Presidents use Oval Office addresses for what they regard as vital national issues. The speech came as opinion polls suggest a majority of Americans disapprove of how Mr Obama has handled the crisis the worst environmental disaster in US history. The Republicans were quick to criticise the address, with party chairman Michael Steele accusing Mr Obama of exploiting the crisis for his own political gain. on US politicians Obama Barack, with assumption rather then emphasis on logical argument by ..the accident failure was systematic in actually fact was caused by human errs, rapidly become clear that there was not much effort have put in place. Unfortunately for those undergoing pain in the gulf seems to be that the process does not include process urgency . it could well prove that the democratic leadership need to make clear their accountability for decisions .A majority problem with democratic leader styles is the senior managers are willing to give up the power, means the workplace are complex and highly contested issue in which makes democratic approaches to leadership extremely problematic. We have an obligation to investigate what went wrong and to determine what reforms are needed so that we never have to experience a crisis like this again, said Mr Obama. If the laws on our books are insufficient to prevent such a spill, the laws must change. If oversight was inadequate to enforce these laws, oversight has to be reformed. If our laws were broken, leading to this death and destruction, my solemn pledge is that we will bring those responsible to justice on behalf of the victims of this catastrophe and the people of the Gulf region. , and US president BP has servel Chief Executive, but they did not be able to demonstrate and contribute to the problem solve and produce a desired results. In 2007 it was indruce to the company a new leader tony haywood in a which took a place of browne, haywood had the necessary ability and knowledge to drive to company to success. Great leader are made not born. The satisfaction of employees and communication was effective .indeed his inspiration been put in place and focus in companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ number of research show that Haywood are high onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.and less demand the actually factors more specific was in leaders behaviour charateristic . The leader has such difficulty In focus on systems maintenances, and meet the work criteria in which cause numbers of castrophry, disaster and left eleven people without live. Unwillingness in leaders is composed of negative associate with productivity subordinate. The factors analysis produced two understandably behaviour dimensions, and differences in these behaviours associate to effectiveness. One series of studies has collect date, however, according to theory enhance a subordinate perception of a link between the effort and outcomes. The leadership styles did not providing opportunities for consultation special managers and (staff in this system management) the relationship between leader and mangers wasnt based on trust, seemed forgotten to inspire their subordinates to do thing behind the capabilities, the key issue of these..were in communication and make the vision affect. The direct in charge of oil in gulf in clean BOB Dudley in which has been working in the field for such long but not long ago enjoy working for BP with position of managing, direct point out that tony has genuine differences, he moved a company forward also mention that theres not suggestion that he acted improperly without knowledge that organization will face problem in the future history. In reality, it damage not just the company BP but also have server impact environmental crises, to the tourism, hospitals and industry wildlifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In short time James lee and the new Chief Executive managed to clean the oil after eight seven days. But still evidence that the new cap place stemming of the oil flow the incident comes to attention the interesting styles and chacteristics come from Some studies have shown that Compare with tony which fail to set higer but reasonable standard and demand so that the other accept their responsibilities .. It can been seen neither of them connect between effort and outcomes, its admitted thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It can been see the failures are result of the dark side of charismatic leadership distinction between managers and leader when Bob Dudley Another criticism from Bob Dudley à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. high ethical and moral standards. Seems be to that the leader was not able to perform is fuction Feishman by harris 1969 The accident occurred on 20th April 2010 it was due to maintains http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-06-23-bp-oil-spill-a-catastrophe-that-couldve-been-avoided Telegraph.co.uk Jon Swaine and Robert winnett 05 june 2010 Bernard L. Weinstein Tom Talk Friday jully 2010 the Washington times . Bob Dudley Bob Dudley managing to How long did it take to clean up? Have been emerged that Mark Langford Tuesday july 27 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · The Guardian, Friday 14 May 2010 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/may/13/bp-boss-admits-mistakes-gulf-oil-spill?intcmp=239 Barack Obamal Why did tony haywood tried to resign The fact he has been threet also the shareholder called to instant communication and intense competitive pressure, good, Conclusion The investigation have been done theres not a such evidence such intent in which require court order, it conduct to a conclusion available or clear According to result suggest that the actually leadership was, While some leaders use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦constructively others destrying them, according to research the leader or organization wasnt a strong culture otherwise would not exist at all the other way around better even excellent company performe, the commit to met a positive response but the result was castrophry Now Bob Dudley is a new which guarantee BP have that will do a better job?

What Important Lessons in Life Are Learned Away from School?

Education plays a pivotal role in the life of any person. Some think that learning is done primarily in school. It is true that educational institutions have been so entwined with the process of learning where students learn languages and a variety of other subjects to learn how to communicate and analyze. However, important lessons outside school are also important to develop skills in us to prepare us for the future. One of the most important lessons that school cannot teach is morality. School cannot and will not be the yardstick of right and wrong.To be a person of integrity, one could probably attend a religious institution and learn the principles of upright living. To be morally upright would definitely help one to be a better person and grant him the inner peace that he needs for daily living. Living by the religious principles such as the Proverbs in the bible would also be able to guard him from committing follies that can be avoided. Another important lesson that one can l earn outside school is the skills of financial planning. Although school teaches the calculation of figures, it does not teach us how these figures would affect us financially in our lives.By learning to budget wisely, one would not end up in unnecessary debts. It is not uncommon to find young adults under a huge credit-card debt. To avoid such dire situations, one needs to learn the discipline to save, invest and spend wisely so that there will be wealth accumulation and funds set aside for a rainy day. Beside financial planning, we must learn lessons of hardship and perseverance. Without such values, one would be easily set back by failures. Hence, taking vacational jobs to earn some pocket money is an excellent opportunity to learn how to withstand hardship.For example, I was employed as a waiter in a five-star hotel. Having to stand daily for hours has taught me to take hardship in good stride. Such lesson would not have been made possible in school where children learn academic success above anything else. Finally, the school usually does not teach us the skills of widening and deepening friendship. Learning the right communication skills and the social boundary that we should keep between friends will enable us to understand and appreciate our friends better.A widening social circle and an inner sphere of intimate friends are important to help one succeed in life. A friend can be there to give advice, provide business opportunities and even provide a listening skill. Unfortunately, the school does not provide such skills and this could only be learnt from home and interaction with the outside world. In conclusion, it is a fallacy to think that everything can be learnt in school. One should always display a willingness to learn and relearn out of school context to be able to strive and thrive in this changing world.

A Closer Look at Watchmen’s Dr Manhattan Essay

Neil Armstrong, Clark Kent, John F. Kennedy, Professor Charles Xavier, Gandhi, Chuck Norris, Master Yoda. The men mentioned above are fictional or real characters with quite a few things in common. They are all heroes in their respective universes, they fight for what is good, and they are all experts in their fields of profession. In fact, they are the supposed best or the most renowned at what they do. Neil Armstrong has to be the most famous Astronaut of all time while Clark Kent’s alter ego, Superman is arguably the greatest superhero there is and if not, he is definitely the most famous. Chuck Norris is the best ass-kicker in the world while Professor X is the greatest telepath in the Marvel Universe. JFK was a great president, Gandhi changed revolution, and Master Yoda taught nine hundred years’ worth of Jedi Knights. Yes, these men are all very talented and very powerful. However, these outstanding heroes have one more thing in Common: they all fall nothing short of insignificant to the power, intelligence, and capabilities of Dr. Manhattan. Dr Manhattan’s powers and abilities include immortality, shapeshifting to any form he chooses, seeing the future, reading minds, teleportation, and bending matter to his will. He practically has no physical weaknesses. Superman and Yoda could possibly put up a fight but that’s another story. In the world of Watchmen, Dr. Manhattan made human life appear insignificant. Yes, insignificant. Can you imagine? The supposed dominant species in the world could have been a clump of dirt on Dr. Manhattan’s shoe compared to his Godlike persona. This became the aggravating external conflict Dr. Manhattan had with humans. In fact, Dr. Manhattan ended up believing that Humans had become irrelevant and mattered little to him, thus, resulted in him eventually leaving Earth and living on Mars. This caused momentous discomfort and major uproar in Earth, namely, The United States. Dr. Manhattan may have lost his purpose of necessity for human beings but The United States needed him as if their lives depended on it. In fact, The United States practically worshipped him as a God. In the Watchmen storyline, The Cold War between the Russians and the Americans was at the brink of becoming nuclear warfare and either side was very close to opening fire and sending all their nuclear warheads at each other. If both sides fired every missile they had, they would destroy all human life on Earth. Dr. Manhattan, being America’s greatest weapon and greatest defence, was expected to use his power and eliminate every Russian warhead that he could and give the United States a chance to fire back at Russia and ultimately win the Cold War. What the Americans hadn’t counted on was Dr. Manhattan leaving Earth after losing his temper during a live-on-television interview. The Russians took this once in a lifetime opportunity of an AWOL Dr. Manhattan to ready their missiles to fire at the United States. Of course, that is not what happened. But we will get back to that later. You may be wondering, â€Å"Okay what’s your point? Why are you mentioning all of Dr. Manhattan’s capabilities and how he serves the United Sates? † Well to answer your question, let me restate what I pointed out earlier: In the world of watchmen, Dr. Manhattan makes human achievements and ultimately being human, almost completely irrelevant. Imagine, the nuclear warhead is possibly the most powerful weapon humankind has to offer and Dr. Manhattan can make them disappear with a wink of an eye. Man’s mission to the moon took billions of dollars, a rocket ship, and years of planning and preparation for this life-changing project to become a reality. However, as seen in the opening credits of the film version, Neil Armstrong was not the first person to arrive on the moon. When Armstrong first set foot onto the moon’s surface, what does he find? He finds nothing other than Dr. Manhattan in his, blue, naked form with no spacesuit, no spacecraft, and no artificial aid whatsoever. What does this tell us? Whatever humans can do, Dr.  Manhattan can do it much better. And if humans are ever to make a new life-changing discovery, Dr. Manhattan has already discovered it. However, Dr. Manhattan does have some personal, noteworthy, and very human limitations. In his eyes, he would even call them â€Å"Flaws†. Let’s take a closer look at some of these flaws. For one thing, Dr. Manhattan may be all-powerful and superior to humans but he still experiences human emotions. Namely, love. To expound on the significance of Dr. Manhattan’s ability to love, let me first talk about another flaw of his. Dr. Manhattan is the most powerful being in the Watchmen Universe and he knows it. Soon, his Godlike power eventually causes him to lose all respect for humanity and he begins to question their significance in his life. Getting drunk with power and losing respect for anyone under your power is indeed a very human imperfection. Now, going back to his ability to love, the only reason Dr. Manhattan has not given up on humans and abandon Earth completely was because of one person, Laurie, better known as The Silk Spectre. Dr. Manhattan was in love with her. He even tells her that she had become his only link to humans and without her, he would have no longer cared and simply let the United States and Russia destroy each other. It can even be inferred that if it wasn’t for Dr. Manhattan’s ability to love, Veidt would not have gotten his way and the Russians and Americans would have still caused nuclear war. In the Watchmen storyline, Adrian Veidt, also known as Ozymandias, was meant to appear as the villain. Readers and the audience would be quick to assume that since he was not on the side of Dr.  Manhattan, NiteOwl, Rorschach, and Silk Spectre, and the fact that he killed The Comedian, he was automatically the villain. However, in the end, and to everyone’s surprise, Ozymandias ironically turned out to be the unconventional hero. Veidt’s subtitle of â€Å"World’s Smartest Man† suited him because he knew that the solution to preventing the nuclear war was to direct both superpowers against a common enemy. And that enemy had to be none other than Dr. Manhattan. Somehow, Veidt just knew that the only way to prevent global destruction via nuclear war was to make the United States fear Dr.  Manhattan just as much as The Soviets feared him. Veidt tricked Dr. Manhattan into helping him make generators that could replicate the energy that gave Dr. Manhattan his power. When Dr. Manhattan left the planet and exiled on Mars, Veidt seized the opportunity to attack a number of major cities in the world using energy from the generators he and Dr. Manhattan made. Because of these attacks, thousands of people were killed and the areas affected by the blasts endured colossal damage. Yes, Veidt had killed thousands of people but he believed that sacrifices had to be made if we truly wanted to save the world. After the attacks from Ozymandias, scientists examined the affected areas and the energy readings led the humans to conclude that Dr. Manhattan himself had caused these global crimes. Thus, causing the Americans and Soviets to turn their weapons away from each other and point them towards an even greater threat: Dr. Manhattan. Dr. Manhattan knew that Veidt was right and he also knew that if he stayed on Earth, it would cause even more destruction and more unnecessary deaths. Without hesitation, he left the planet once again.

The Effects Of Abortion On The Mother - 1419 Words

Palmquist 1 Colette Palmquist Ms. Johnson English 121 9/12/15 Let Them Choose The article â€Å"About Abortion† states the causes and effects of abortion and reports the psychological effects that abortion has on the mother. The article says that women who choose to abort their child usually do so for a number of reasons, among them being they are too young and immature, not financially able to support a child, or simply don’t have time for one. â€Å"Women have an abortion for numerous reasons. Most abortions are a result of an unwanted pregnancy† (About 2). While the article states understandable reasons for an abortion, it also delves into the ever-lasting psychological affects that these young women go through after an abortion. One woman recalls: â€Å"‘I went through, and still go though, severe mental problems.. hating myself, grieving and wanting to escape from the whole situation†¦ the abortion precipitated years of drug and alcohol abuse, an eating disorder and eventually serious clinical depressionâ €™â€  (About 4). The article states that women aren’t usually told or even warned about the potential mental side affects of undergoing an abortion. I am against abortion because it’s giving up on a life, there are major psychological ramifications, and there are viable alternatives, however, it ultimately should be the women’s decision. No two abortion cases are the same, women should have the right to the control of their bodies, and it should be a private matter, not something forShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Abortion That You Dont Know About Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Abortion That You Dont Know About Many women that choose to have an abortion do not realize that it is a dangerous surgery with serious side effects. These side effects are both physical and psychological. Having an abortion is unnatural and interrupts this function of the human body. â€Å"The women’s body naturally resists the abortion, causing physical and emotional problems† (â€Å"Who does Abortion Affect?†). Almost all of theRead MoreAbortion: Cause and Effect1552 Words   |  7 PagesAftermath of an Abortion To have abortion or not is a very difficult choice to make. The final choice comes from religious and ethical beliefs. However, to have an abortion means to participate in a horrendous crime against humanity, God, and oneself. 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Women s Rights During The World Essay - 2053 Words

There is long history of women’s rights in the world. Discrimination against women has developed for a long time now and the struggle for women s rights encompasses more than the right to own property or vote. It is the fight for woman to be considered an individual in her own right, defined on her own terms, by her own intellect and accomplishments, and given the same opportunities as her male peers, while not by any means a thorough or exclusive definition of the movement for women s rights. The women s movement strives for social acceptance of an assortment of personal and professional choices that women make. An ideal goal is the death of social stigmas for female sexuality, for women who choose not to marry or have children, and for women who work outside the home as well as those who choose to be stay-at-home mothers. The Wife of Bath in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales struggles for female equality by overcoming overwhelming customs and declaring her own assessment of the roles of women in society and in relationships by attempting to level the power between men and women. In the fourteenth century women were not valued as much as men were. Not much respect was given to women. Women were the keeper of the house and were considered weak and unable to do anything but cook and clean. The women would only be left in charge if her husband was away fighting or traveling. Women had a very structured lifestyle and were constantly watched on their manners and behaviors. 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The gains that American women have made towards labor market experience and skills is tremendous. In fact, women account for 47% of labor workforce and 49.3% of American jobs. But despite of women’s strides, a gender pay gap still exists. ExpertsRead MoreThe Status Of Women During The Great War1675 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus of women during the years 1914 and 1925 did not stop to change and wonder if the First World War achieve any permanent change in the status of women in Britaint is very interesting question. Both points of view, meaning which agree with the idea that yes it did or on the contrary that it did not, already exist. 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Risk Management An Organization Of Patient Safety

According to ECRI Institute (2014), risk management did not emerge as a distinct profession in healthcare, primarily in the hospital environment, until the mid-1970s, when the number of malpractice claims against physicians and hospitals increased dramatically, and settlements and judgments skyrocketed. In 1977, the American Hospital Association encouraged hospitals to implement risk management programs as a solution to malpractice problems, calling risk management the â€Å"science for the identification, evaluation, and treatment of the risk of financial loss† (Dankmyer and Groves; Holloway and Sax). Risk management’s focus was to protect the financial assets and reputation of organization (Kuhn and Youngberg). During the patient safety†¦show more content†¦According to Mrs. Parker, Memorial Hospital of York â€Å"Is dedicated to excellence in healthcare for our community. We believe that a comprehensive quality improvement program is a primary means of or ganizational goals and promoting our mission of providing the community with an array of high -quality health care services.† Memorial hospitals promote and adopt the six aims for improvement as identified by the Institute of Medicine; 1. Safe, 2. Effective, 3. Patient-centered, 4. Timely, 5. Efficient, and 6. Equitable. The six aims for improvement set forth by the Institute of Medicine are the basic foundation for Memorial Hospital structure of the Quality program. Memorial Hospital of York, defines quality as a never-ending cycle of continuous improvement (parker, 2015). They accomplish this goal by proactively identifying and improving systems causes of medical errors. Some goals of the hospital quality program include; improving the quality and safety of patient-care processes and outcomes and to organize data into useful information, including comparison to an internal and external data source, among other few, (parker, 2015). All employees and departments are expected to be actively involved in the program, the Board of Trustees, Administration, Department Leaders and leaders of the organized

Identification of Actual Health Problemsâ€Free Samples For Students

Question: How Do Identification of Actual Health Problems? Answer: Introducation: In the subsequent report, the case study relevant to a 38-year-old patient, named Ben Casey who had been brought to the UTS emergency following injuries because of occurrence of motor vehicular accident (MVA) will be discussed. The report will aim to prepare an evidence based complete plan of care utilizing literatures from a variety of sources after identification of two prioritized patient problems. References will be incorporated for the underlying pathophysiology in order to further rationalize the care to be implemented. Proper nursing interventions that will cater to the identified problems will be developed in conjunction with providing explanation of the intended patient outcomes and the ways in which the effectiveness of the nursing interventions may be evaluated. The entire report will be done by means of relating to Mr. Caseys situation. As per the description provided in the case study, acute pain and pressure sore have been identified as the actual and potential health problems respectively for Mr. Casey. Mr. Casey has been experiencing acute pain that may be attributed to both the causation of accident as well as due to the surgery that he has underwent. Therefore, it is imperative to assess his pain on regular intervals to account for proper interventions. The patient has been found to be in a state of semi consciousness, however his facial expressions suggested that he has been living with grimacing pain that may be suggested as non-verbal indication of pain. Uneasiness and pain localized in the tibia and femur region is further due to the undertaking of the surgery evident through his facial expression, stiffness and voiced pain (Macintyre and Schug 2014). The imposition of abnormal stresses in case of the joints and soft tissues might lead to impaired functioning of the muscles and musculature that in turn culminates in the onset of pain in both before and after surgery situations. Nerve root impingement, referred pain due to cervical injury in addition to placement of abnormal s tress on shoulders because of improper positioning in bed may be speculated as possible sources of pain during the early post injury phase (Pergolizzi, Raffa and Taylor 2014). Post operational pain might cause restlessness and alteration in the vital signs in the patient. Pressure ulcer may be recognized as the potential problem in case of Mr. Casey, because of the dual reasons that he had underwent surgery and had to stay on bed for long time. This complication is likely to occur in patients with spinal cord injury due to synergistic effects of both motor as well as sensory impairments under the impact of prolonged unrelieved pressure and external negative forces (Qaseem et al. 2015). Higher risk for Mr. Casey is noted as he is in spinal precaution that has restricted his mobility and repositioning in bed significantly. ORIF surgery in left tibia and left femur also pose threat for him to give rise to physical impairment. In post surgery condition, pain, swelling and motor functioning impairments are commonly reported complications that further necessitates the urgency to attend to the bodily functions along with participation and abilities to carry out activities of daily living for patients undergoing ORIF surgery (Hudson et al. 2015). Nursing Interventions Pain management is considered as a fundamental feature pertaining to nursing care whereby effective pain reliving measures encompassing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are suggested for the purpose of rendering holistic outcomes for the patient. Pain in post operative condition is evident in case of Mr. Casey. where patient controlled analgesia (PCA) may be applied for harboring optimum benefits in a safe and effective manner (Gatchel et al. 2014). Enhanced pain relief coupled with greater patient satisfaction, decreased sedation and lesser post operative complications are some of the common advantages of resorting to PCA. Compliance with the right dose of medication in the follow up post-operative period is necessary to ensure quicker recovery. Therefore, the nurses need to watch out for depression and respiratory troubles that are common side effects in PCA. Nurses must also provide proper nursing guidance and review of symptoms with respect to acting in sync with the PCA. The situation may be extrapolated in case of Mr. Casey where PCA will be quite effective. Teaching is the most suitable option for making the patient as well as his family aware about his condition and further to prevent the possibility of causation of pressure sore. Mr. Casey is more vulnerable to develop pressure sore as he is lying on supine position and has to rely on the healthcare professionals to turn around. Hence, pressure ulcer management in a comprehensive way is the only resolution to ameliorate the problem and further abating the possibility of development o pressure ulcer in future. Interventions in this regard must address the management of tissue loads, cleansing and dressing of wounds, bacterial colonization and infection prevention, wound healing promotional adjunctive therapies in addition to optimization of patients health and nutritional status. Restoration of muscle mass and wound healing is promoted by means of recommending appropriate diets that meet the energy and protein requirement in such conditions (Lewis et al. 2015). Hence, knowledge about t he equipment related techniques as well as awareness regarding paraphernalia following pressure sore is crucial to generate positive outcomes through seedy recovery. Evaluation Assessment of the patient situation will be fostered to determine the efficacy of the implemented interventions. The pain management fruitfulness will be evaluated by means of Numerical Rating Scale that further highlight on the outcomes following application of analgesics and measurement of the current pain status for the affected individual. The relative frequency and dose of analgesics administered to the patient need to be carefully monitored and if needed the attending physician must be consulted for determining the regime for PCA (McNicol, Ferguson and Hudcova 2015). Necessary and prudent amendments may only be used when directives are received from the concerned authorized medical practitioner. The pressure sore or ay swelling or inflammation in skin must be looked out for understanding the extent to which the PCA education and knowledge has been applied. The post-operative care after surgery for Mr. Casey needs to be crucially evaluated for measuring the efficacy of intervent ions (Boykin and Schoenhofer 2015). On completion of the report, succinct and pertinent information related to post operative surgery for complex medical or surgery needs have been retrieved. Moreover, detailed knowledge and understanding through critical thinking about comprehensive patient assessment data and their implications in planning care as part of competent nursing practice is procured from completing the report. References Boykin, A. and Schoenhofer, S.O., 2015. Theory of nursing as caring.Nursing theories and nursing practice, pp.341-356. Gatchel, R.J., McGeary, D.D., McGeary, C.A. and Lippe, B., 2014. Interdisciplinary chronic pain management: past, present, and future.American Psychologist,69(2), p.119. Hudson, D.A., Adams, K.G., Van Huyssteen, A., Martin, R. and Huddleston, E.M., 2015. Simplified negative pressure wound therapy: clinical evaluation of an ultraportable, no?canister system.International wound journal,12(2), pp.195-201. Lewis, S.L., Maltas, J., Dirksen, S.R. and Bucher, L., 2015.Study guide for medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. Elsevier Health Sciences. Macintyre, P.E. and Schug, S.A., 2014.Acute pain management: a practical guide. CRC Press. McNicol, E.D., Ferguson, M.C. and Hudcova, J., 2015. Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non?patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain.The Cochrane Library. Pergolizzi, J.V., Raffa, R.B. and Taylor, R., 2014. Treating acute pain in light of the chronification of pain.Pain Management Nursing,15(1), pp.380-390. Qaseem, A., Humphrey, L.L., Forciea, M.A., Starkey, M. and Denberg, T.D., 2015. Treatment of pressure ulcers: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.Annals of internal medicine,162(5), pp.370-379.