Definition and Examples of Colons

The colon ( : )  is a mark of punctuation  used after a statement (such as an independent clause) or that introduces a quotation, an explanation, an example, or a series. In addition, the colon usually appears after the salutation of a business letter (Dear Professor Legree:), between the chapter and verse numbers in a biblical citation (Genesis 1:1), between the title and subtitle of a book or article (Comma Sense: A FUNdamental Guide to Punctuation), and between numbers or groups of numbers in expressions of time (3:00 a.m.) and ratios (1:5). History The word  colon  comes from the  Greek term  kÃ… lon,  meaning a part of a verse or clause, or more literally, part of a limb, particularly a leg. Keith Houston, who has authored several books on punctuation, explained the origin of the colon in his article The Mysterious Origins of Punctuation published on Sept. 2, 2015, on the  BBC  website. Houston said the punctuation mark originated, ultimately, during the third century B.C., in the Hellenic Egyptian city of Alexandria. A  librarian there named Aristophanes developed a series of three dots to break up the unbroken stream of text that had been the norm in writing at the time. The dots, aligned with the middle, bottom, or top of each line, represented what today would be a colon, comma, and period, respectively. Though the Romans disregarded the punctuation marks after conquering the Greeks, the dots eventually were given new life in the seventh century by Isidore of Seville. Ashley Timms in her Dec. 28, 2016, article, A History of Punctuation in English, published on the website of  Unravel Magazine, a linguistics journal, detailed the timeline: In his work The Etymologies (or  Etymologiae  in Latin), Isidore  of Seville explained that the highest dot marked the end of a sentence, the lowest dot functioned much like a comma does today, and the middle dot represented a pause somewhere in between the two: The work of Isidore of Seville was widely respected and he was even cited by Dante Alighieri and quoted by Geoffrey Chaucer.  Etymologiae  was treated as a textbook through the Middle Ages and no doubt had a profound effect on how writers used grammar and punctuation. Eventually, the middle dot evolved into two dots  possibly through Gregorian chants, which included  punctus  elevatas  (raised dots) that looked like the modern-day colon, says Timms. Purpose The Associated Press Stylebook, 2018 provides possibly the best explanation (among the various style guides) of the purpose and use of the colon. The AP says the punctuation mark should be used for: Emphasis:  The AP gives this example:  He had only one hobby: eating.Lists:  The colon usually comes at the end of a sentence or phrase to introduce lists, tabulations, and texts.Listings: Use the colon in such listings as time elapsed (1:31:07.2), time of day (8:31 p.m.), as well as biblical and legal citations (2 Kings 2:14; Missouri Code 3:245–260).Dialogue: An example would be:  Bailey: What were you doing the night of the 19th? Mason: I refuse to answer that.Question-and-answer interviews: The AP gives this example:  Q: Did you strike him?  A: Indeed I did. The AP says you can use a colon to introduce a direct quotation of one sentence that remains within a paragraph. You would also use a colon to introduce long—or block—quotations. When doing so, enter a hard return on the keyboard after the introductory text to bring the quoted material to the next space down, as shown in the history section above. Use and Misuse Use the colon at the  end of a sentence,  after initials  and  abbreviations, after other punctuation marks, in  computing and math, and in Bible verses, among other instances. At the end of a sentence: Use the colon instead of a period when the two clauses have a connection such that a period would be too hard of a break. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if the colon is followed by a proper noun or an independent clause. These examples are adapted from the Associated Press and June Casagrandes book, The Best Punctuation Book, Period: A Comprehensive Guide for Every Writer, Editor, Student, and Businessperson: Right: He promised this: The company will make good all the losses.Wrong:  Refrigerator temperature is critical: if its not cold enough, food will spoil. Right:  Refrigerator temperature is critical: If its not cold enough, food will spoil. Before a list:  Capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon only if it is a proper noun. Right:  Joe invited several friends to the party: Samantha, David, and Frank.Right:  The pizza came with three toppings: pepperoni, onion, and mushrooms.Wrong:  The pizza came with three toppings: Pepperoni, onion, and mushrooms. After quotation marks and other punctuation:  Use a colon  after  other punctuation marks but never before: The truth was simple (almost too simple): Dan was guilty.The truth, she said, was simple: Dan was guilty. Bible verses:  Cite  listing the number of chapter and verse(s) in this form: Matthew 3:16Luke 21:1–131 Peter 2:1 Math and computing:  Some styles—though not the AP—use colons to separate parts of a  ratio, as in: 2:5, which means a 2-to-5 ratio, two out of five, or 2/53:4, which means  a 3-to-4 ratio, three out of four, or 3/4 Additionally, you can also use a colon to separate a book title and subhead, such as for Casagrandes book listed previously in this section. Use a colon in a citation to separate the chapter and page number, as in: Journal of English Language Learning 15:220–229 Also, never combine a dash and a colon. Linking Equal Ideas Generally, use colons to show that two sentences, or a sentence and a clause, are  parallel  or relate to the same idea or subject, says David Crystal, author of Making a Point: The Persnickety Story of English Punctuation. Examples would be: A  liberal arts education  creates citizens:  people who can think broadly and critically about themselves and the world.—William Deresiewicz, Faulty Towers,  The Nation, May 23, 2011I was going to buy a copy of The Power of Positive Thinking, and then I thought:  What the hell good would that do?—Ronnie Shakes, standup comedian In the first quote, which joins a sentence followed by a nonsentence clause, Deresiewic uses the colon to show that citizens who receive a liberal arts education are the same group as people who can think broadly and critically. The second, by the late Shakes, who was a frequent guest on late-night television shows, uses  the colon (and irony) to show two sides of himself: the optimist who was going to buy a book about positive thinking and the pessimist who talked himself out of it.

A Common Theme Of Shakespeare s Hamlet - 1573 Words

A common theme of Shakespearean plays is the balance between thoughts and actions. Many of the characters are able to shift the plot and affect the story according to their actions, while other characters are able to have thoughts and speeches that provide lore to the story and provoke the audience to theorize the reasoning behind theses speeches. It could be argued that Shakespeare holds one theme over the other and that his emphasis on which theme varies from play to play. In Hamlet specifically, Shakespeare establishes a much larger emphasis on thoughts rather than actions. Shakespeare places a great amount of thought into the protagonist, Hamlet. Throughout this tragedy, the reader sees Hamlet as a more†¦show more content†¦And so he goes to heaven; and so I am revenged. That would be scanned†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3,3 79 - 80) and chooses to wait for a better time and send Claudius to Purgatory, effectively drawing out the story and the murderer’s life. These thoughts su pport that Shakespeare prefers thoughts to actions as he has Hamlet stop and think about where Claudius would go then refusing, effectively drawing out the story rather than ending the conflict right there. Hamlet often reveals his thoughts in the form of soliloquies, often about death, his uncle, or both, sometimes having more than one soliloquy per act. During these soliloquies Hamlet discusses his current surroundings and situation, often thinking about what action he should take next or how he’s feeling. A number of his soliloquies revolve around death and his most famous soliloquy stems from this topic, such as in his 4th soliloquy Hamlet ponders â€Å"...Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3.1. 64 - 65) or if it’s better to â€Å"take arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing end them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (3.1. 66 - 67). Hamlet’s asking whether it’s better to take suffering as it comes in this worthless life or the try to end these many problems. This relates back to Shakespeare preferring thoughts rather than actions because he has his main character think about whether he should stop his problems, delaying them further rather than just having him get on with his revenge. It is not until Hamlet sShow MoreRelatedHamlet Is A Theater Performance Of The Shakespeare Play1715 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 2 The play Hamlet is written by William Shakespeare whereby he uses a combination of poetry and prose. The film, Hamlet is a theater performance of the Shakespeare play. The play is written in blank verse offering an insight into the state of mind of the character as well as a reaction to the ongoing actions in the stage. The style is reserved for the nobles and informal situations like courts. Figurative language is used to express the actions and feelings of the characters have been evidencedRead MoreEssay on Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Theme of Revenge1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Revenge in Hamlet    In Shakespeares tragedy,  Hamlet, the thoughts of revenge are introduced early in the play. At the end of the first act, Hamlet meets the ghost of his deceased father. He is brought to see him by Horatio and Marcellus, who saw the ghost yesternight (Shakespeare 1.2.190). During this exchange of words between the Ghost and Hamlet, the Ghost tells Hamlet, [s]o art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear. (Shakespeare 1.5.5). He is telling Hamlet to listen closelyRead MoreKing Hamlet By William Shakespeare1641 Words   |  7 Pagesplay, readers are always looking for different themes in the literature, sometimes even unknowingly. By the end of the reading, there is typically one standout theme greatly representing the plot and the characters. Readers must understand the deeper meaning of the writing and discover which theme in their opinion impacted the play the most. Furthermore, it is very important that the author often leaves much of the story open to interpretation. Shakespeare wa s particularly fond of allowing his audienceRead MoreShakespeare Is The Greatest Masterpiece Ever Written? Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"To read or not to read,† that is the question. With each passing year, the philosophical question must be asked, â€Å"Is Shakespeare relevant in the 21st century.† Shakespeare lived over 400 years ago and the English style in which he wrote has changed, making it difficult for new students to read and understand his writings without the use of translation. Shakespeare’s eloquent execution of rhyme and flowing images commands a locution that slips from the tongue like silken cream, and this giftedRead MoreDeception And Deception In Hamlet1681 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough deceit. Two plays that strongly showcase Shakespeare’s lies and manipulation are Much Ado About Nothing and Hamlet. In both, one can see how the characters create plans to spy and lie to one another to either â€Å"promote happiness† or â€Å"harm† the other (Shmoop Editorial Team). Within both these conclusions, one can see that there are essentially three major forms within the theme of deception: â€Å"the fear of being deceived, the act of deception, and the ultimate result of the deceptive act† (ShmoopRead MoreCompare And Contrast Hamlet And Twelfth Night1162 Words   |  5 PagesHilarity to Tragedy in Shakespeare: How Hamlet and Twelfth Night Compare By Zawadi Bunzigiye William Shakespeare wrote plays covering the breadth of human experience. They seem to have transcended the restraints of age because of the universal themes that they contain. His body of his work is comprised of genres of plays varying from tragedies to comedies. Of them, Hamlet and Twelfth Night are perfect examples of both. A comparison between them would be of interest because their common points demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Flood Of Gilgamesh, The Canterbury Tales, And Hamlet1311 Words   |  6 Pages A theme is the underlying message or overall meaning of a story. Authors use this literary device in stories to convey a critical belief about life. A theme of a book is usually seen as a universal in nature because when a theme is universal, it touches on human experience. Sometimes there are multiple themes to a story and they may or may not be stated directly. Religion is a theme found throughout the stories of Gilgamesh, Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales, and Hamlet. The theme of religion isRead MoreWhen Reading Any Article, Novel Or Play, Readers Are Always1510 Words   |  7 Pagesare always looking for the different themes in the literature, sometimes even unknowingly. By the end of the reading, there is typically one standout theme which has the greatest influence on the plot and the characters. Readers must understand the deeper meaning of the writing and discover which theme in their opinion impacted the play the most. Furthermore, it is very important that the author often leaves much of the story open to interpretation. Shakespeare was particularly fond of allowing hisRead MoreSymbolism And Theme Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1341 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet s Symbolism and Theme The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare absolutely contains plenty of symbolism and themes. The play Hamlet properly utilizes symbolism and themes of tragedy and betrayal throughout the play to set the main theme known as death. The connection of the elements of themes and symbolism truly help capture the essence of the play. Hamlet is truly enriched with important characters that somehow also include symbolism and importance in their role in the play. The play integratedRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’s

The Psychology Of The Social Injustice Of Women - 937 Words

Introduction Writing in Psychology is solely up to psychologists themselves. There is no required type of writing; most psychologists perform patient reports or case studies, but many choose what they will do with the patient. Different types of writings include books, journals, notes, evaluations/analyses, and tests/assessments. Books and Journals Writing in psychology can range from an analysis, journals, or books. Many psychologists write pieces along the lines of an evaluation or analysis of a patient; meetings are confidential, meaning that psychologists cannot share content about the patient. In psychology, one can write about an example, or elaborate on the information one has found. One can continue the writing to a greater source such as journals, and textbooks. Margaret W Matlin (2010), took her writings to the next level by publishing a textbook on The Psychology of Women. Within her textbook, she talks about the social injustice of women. Matlin (2010) kept her audience broad to cater to both genders interested in the psychology of women. According to Margaret Matlin, â€Å"Our discipline is also changing in a fourth way, because people’s behaviors, attitudes, and skills are continually evolving† (p. 169). Writing to a general audience in this context about this political issue meets her rhetorical goa l of explaining the psychology of women in depth. This type of writing fits my career goals because I want to be able to write a major piece about psychology inShow MoreRelatedThe injustice in health care1425 Words   |  6 PagesGAC0013 Assessment Event 4: Reading and writing Essay The injustice in health care Student’s Name: Jessie Student ID: QING24958 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: 27/08/2013 Word Count: 1350 Partner’s Name: Sylvia Question: â€Å"Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane† (Martin Luther King, Jr.). Do you agree with this statement? Write an essay persuading readers of your point of view. Support your argument with evidence from appropriate sourcesRead MoreThe noun feminism is derived from the French in the 19th century . It refers to the campaign at700 Words   |  3 Pagesis derived from the French in the 19th century . It refers to the campaign at first but now women have been endowed with greater meaning when it is used extensively in many places. Feminism was born because there are those who feel that women have been oppressed by injustice exists between man and woman . Oppression of women is a human act under social institution and it is not biologkal . Thus, the women themselves able to change this situation . Theories of feminism has changed and modified afterRead MoreSocial Injustice in America1354 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology April 15th 2012 Social Oppression in America Social oppression is socially supported mistreatment and exploitation of a group or category of people by anyone. 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It is apprehensive with the consideration of how psychological, behavioural, and cultural aspect to physical he alth andRead MoreA Personal Revolt Against The Rising Rape Culture Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesPREFACE This project begun as a personal revolt against the rising rape culture and sexual assaults in India when three of my closest female friends got sexually assaulted in Delhi this May. These were young financially independent and headstrong women yet they felt completely powerless after this event and could not report it. This normality around rape and assault led me to probe into the root cause and cultural implications around it. SUMMARY It startedRead MoreSociological And Common Sense Understanding1341 Words   |  6 PagesSociology Throughout this essay, I will explain the distinction between sociological and common sense understanding, highlight the differences between sociology and other social sciences, and evaluate two sociological perspectives – Marxism and feminism. 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Sexism is a social injustice that is not applied only to women but, to men as well. Certain personalities and characteristics are expected from both genders starting as children. Little girls are expected to play with dolls, while little boys are expected to play rough. These small seeds planted into children over time grow, and produce the men and women who make up society. In psychology you have a term calledRead MoreThe Psycho logy Of Women Class1361 Words   |  6 PagesIntersectionality was a term I was not familiar with until I enrolled in the Psychology of Women class. Intersectionality was a concept that I had a very difficult time grasping. As comprehension was dawning I would attempt to engage others in conversation on intersectionality and they too did not know what intersectionality was. I quickly realized that intersectionality was an intricate part of oppression, racism, and discrimination. To take a stand against one is to take a stand against all. 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Ancient Greece A Unique Institution Formed During The...

The Polis was a unique institution formed during the Dark Ages (1100-776 BCE) in Ancient Greece following the fall of Mycenaean Civilization. The term polis can also be translated in to city-state in that each poleis was its own independent state which were generally organized in to complex hierarchical structures. Poleis were independent in several aspects such as (but not limited to): political, judicial and religious dealings. There were many notable poleis in Ancient Greek, and many of them were in their prime, were very successful however, the ideal polis was Athens. Athens was a model polis because of its political systems, economy, intellectual capital and naval strength. A vital question is, what constitutes an ideal polis? As mentioned before a polis is a city state (a city that functions as an independent state). In order for a polis to be ideal it must follow a criterion. In order to be an ideal polis, the city state must have adequate political leadership and systems. Thi s includes the rule of many as well as appropriate representation amongst citizens. The ideal polis, must have strong economic policies or advancements (the desire to expand/grow). The desire to expand and grow can be perceived as a corporate perspective to the polis. The polis must have a desire to grow economically (in which ever field such as agriculture, pottery etc.) and also a desire to grow as a state. The polis must also have institutions of learning, in order to create a knowledgeable

Dress Code in School Should Be Applied Free Essays

School dress code has always been a controversial topic in the United States mainly because of American culture. Many school dress codes or uniforms have come from England. Uniforms in public school reduce economic and social barriers between students, encourage discipline and affect positive attitude by increasing self-confidence, school pride, and a sense of belonging, and create a safe environment in the schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Dress Code in School Should Be Applied or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the 1960s United States began adopting school uniforms in public schools but even now it is controversial whether or not they should be implemented throughout the country. The idea of uniforms came from England where their purpose was to encourage docility and obedience toward authority. However, England and United States used the uniforms to distinguish the lower class from the elite parochial schools. Even though the public schools did not start to look at uniforms until the 1960s, private and Catholic schools had uniform policies which were question for much of the first half of the twentieth century (David L. Brunsma, 2004). In 1960, people protested against school uniforms implemented by Catholic and private schools. The protests were based on different concerns, such as: 1) Uniforms became an invasion of parents’ rights; 2) the inherent statement that uniforms make of conformity and similarity was being questioned; 3) At that time, the school uniforms were expensive for poorer families; and 4) children will eventually find out social class boundaries, etc. (Brunsma, 2004). Uniforms take away from visible difference between student socioeconomics and removes pressure to dress a certain way. Students can then focus more on their schoolwork and less on what their peers are wearing. In the book Rights of Student the author states, â€Å"Some students may feel ostracized because they cannot afford the latest fashions that are popular among their classmates† (Hudson and Marzilli, 2004). Former president Bill Clinton encouraged the idea of school uniform in his 1996 State of the Union address. He said, â€Å"If it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public school should be allowed to require the students to wear school uniforms† (Hudson and Marzilli, 2004). Clinton also stated: â€Å"If it means that the schoolrooms will be more orderly, more disciplined, and that our young people will learn to evaluate themselves by what they are on the inside instead of what they’re wearing on the outside, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms†(Hudson and Marzilli, 2004). Uniforms are not only used to avoid socioeconomic difference and remove peer pressure to dress a certain way, but also used to increase safety in public schools. Schools in United States had to implement dress code regulation to provide and improve a safe environment for student and faculty. After the Columbine shooting, schools’ safety awareness brought attention to dress codes in schools. Schools began implementing uniforms that prevented students from wearing gang-related apparel like trench coats and baggy pants, which enable students to hide weapons easily. Teachers and principals of students wearing uniforms can quickly see if there are non-students present in the building depending on the colors of the uniforms. School personnel can quickly notice a person that is a non-student on school grounds, preventing a trespasser who might cause harm at the school. One can agree with Jamuna’s viewpoint in the book Students’ Rights when he said, â€Å"Of all the potential benefits of school dress policies, none is more important than improving school safety† (Jamuna, 2005). Another aspect is how student dress affects attitudes in school and throughout adult years. Uniforms encourage discipline, sense of belonging and school pride, which can facilitate later on in life in the work place or even in their personal lives. Some students and parents object to dress codes. However, the majority of school administrators recognize that well-drafted student dress codes help provide a better learning environment. Students need to learn how to dress for success. (Hudson and Marzilli, 2004) A person must have the appropriate attire to dress for a job interview. Should the school be no different ? In the United States, schools and parents have disagreed over school uniforms. Some believe they violate or restrict a student’s right to freedom of expression. There have been cases where the students have taken legal action against schools and won. The most popular is Tinver v. Des Moines Independent Community School Districts, where the school implemented a dress code policy that armbands could not be used in the school (Raskin, 2003). Tinver’s and a group of adults and students’ purpose were to publicize their objection to the hostilities in Vietnam. â€Å"Petitioners John F. Tinver, 15 years old, and Christopher Eckhardt, 16 years old, attended high school in Des Moines, Iowa. Petitioner Mary Beth Tinver, John’s sister, was a 13 year-old-student in Junior high school† (Raskin, 2003). However, the first Amendment protects freedom of verbal speech and uniforms does not qualify as express conduct because contains no particular message. In the book Rights of Student who’s Arthurs are Hudson and Marzilli states, â€Å"Restrictions on students dress are not designed to suppress free expressions; rather, they are a way to improve the educational environment† (Hudson and Marzilli, 2004). Opponents also believe school uniforms inhibit student’s individuality. Teenagers express their feelings by the garments they wear. Uniforms take away this form of expression. Why should school districts try to make everyone look the same? For United States students, wearing uniforms may be viewed as too formal in a casual school atmosphere and too limiting of individuality. Parents may perceive that uniforms are less expensive than what would ordinarily be worn every day (Brunsma, 2006). School uniforms can be adopted from childhood onward, but adolescence is a time when uniforms may be adopted in the United States (Kim, DeLong, and LaBat, 2001). The third reason opponents disagree is that they believe uniforms inhibit a student’s freedom of choice. The United States focuses on teaching freedom of choice, therefore opponents feel there is no ethos in teaching when uniform are implemented. In website called Children’s School Uniforms, Pros and Cons, Dorit Sasson says, â€Å"A School uniform is an issue which has caused a lot of debate in the last few years. Many students feel they lose their identity when everyone is required to wear the same clothes to school† (Sasson, 2007). However, there has been a survey that shows students support school uniforms. In the article Sasson also says, â€Å"Some English students have recently come out in support of school uniforms. According to a survey of 1,300 teens, 67% of the boys and 52% of the girls prefer wearing uniforms to school† (Sasson, 2007). The author of Students’ Rights supports the idea and says, â€Å"Though the majority of public schools do not require uniforms, the feedback is very positive from those who do† (Jamuna, 2005). In conclusion, dress codes should be applied in all public schools for the following potential benefits. First they reduce economic and social barriers between students. Secondly, they are essential to the school environment by promoting school safety, encouraging discipline and boosting positive attitudes. Though opponents believe school uniforms violate or restricts a student’s right to freedom of expression, inhibit student’s individuality and student freedom of choice, the fact remains that as Hudson and Marzilli state, â€Å"School should be more about discipline than fashion. School uniforms help decrease tensions in school, reduce socioeconomic differences, improve safety, and remove distractions. † How to cite Dress Code in School Should Be Applied, Essay examples

Evaluation Of The Unsatisfactory Professional †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Of The Unsatisfactory Professional. Answer: Critical Analysis Essay of a Case Study Nursingis considered as a noble profession in which apart from professional competence and essential skills, thenursing practitioners are to work in compliance with the professional standards and principles as laid down by the concerned authorities. It is imperative for the nurses to abide by these guidelines for ensuring appropriate professional conduct, accountability and ensuring so that there is no violation of the accepted norms and regulations (Masters, 2015). In the following essay, critical analysis will be performed with respect to a chosen case study whereby evaluation of the unsatisfactory professional conduct as performed by nurse will be conducted. The relevant professional standards as applicable to the case scenario will be identified. Discussions will be made in terms of professional behaviors that could have made a difference to the case. Further, evaluation of self-preparedness for professional practice will also be carried out to offer deeper probe into the matter. As per the given scenario, the nurse was found guilty of unsatisfactory conduct with respect to her failure in acknowledging and responding to the deteriorating health status of the patient. Moreover, she was also declared guilty of not documenting her assessments and subsequent plan of action for the patient. Thus, in conformance with the give situation it is evident that the nurse did not act up to the mark in performing her duties. It has been stated that the nurse after being informed about the observations with respect to the vital signs, did not take appropriate actions in managing the ensuing situation. Patient was left without any proper medical review or intervention until a long period of time even though her vital parameters were found to be within the red zone as depicted in the Hunter New England NSW Health Policies. As per the governing policy, a patient exhibiting such symptoms call for rapid response in which the patient is to be attended by either a medical officer o r a rapid response team within 10 minutes. Further, it is expected that in absence of all these facilities, the patients general practitioner or the on-call visiting medical officer be immediately notified to undertake prompt therapeutic actions. In this respect, lack of critical reflection on the part of the nurse may be indicated as she failed to recognize the deteriorating health status of the patient. Empirical evidences have cited that critical thinking skills and its integration intonursing practice is vital in facilitating proper planning and implementation of strategies for ensuring speedy patient recovery (Burrell, 2014). Moreover, the nurse did not document the patients medical record that is crucial to her assessment, plan of action and rationale behind selection of undertaking a particular course of treatment. Neither did the nurse escalate the situation to the concerned authority of the clinicalnursing manger for proper intervention. Documentation in the pursuit of nurs ing is vital for smooth operation of the nursing practice as it is indicative of the prospective course of treatment to ensure positive health outcomes for the patient. Staff competency and education are two prerequisites that account for improved documentation in nursing practice (Okaisu et al., 2014). Hence, correct following of appropriate actions in immediate situation would have averted the negative repercussions. It is imperative in nursing practice to abide by the professional standards for ensuring the safety and provision for optimal healthcare service for the patient, the end user of the healthcare service facility. These standards are responsible for governing the professional nursing practice and dictate the professional accountability in the vocation. A foundational framework is rendered by compliance to these standards and ensures so that optimal outcomes may be achieved for the patient population (Krautscheid, 2014). In the given scenario, it has been reported that the nurse was guilty due to unsatisfactory professional conduct. A strict violation of the professional standards as lay down by the concerned authority consisting of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia was evident in the given scenario. Breach of standards has occurred pertaining to the given condition whereby the nurse has failed to accurately recognize the deteriorating health condition of the patient and did n ot even document the medical record of the patient. Standard 1 was breached because as per the statement, a nurse must think critically and analyze the situation in course of nursing practice. Further, standard 5 was breached, as the nurse did not develop a plan for nursing practice. Lack of documentation has been observed, as the nurse did not take appropriate actions in terms of harboring positive outcomes for patient. Moreover, breach of Standard 6 is also noted as the nurse failed to provide safe, appropriate and responsive quality nursing practice (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2017). According to the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses, the nurses must practice in a safe and competent manner, in conformance with the standards pertinent to the profession and broader health system. Reflective and ethical consideration in nursing is also an important virtue as stated in code of professional conduct for nurses. However, all these codes were violated in given context thereby cu lminating in unprofessional conduct as it opposed the agreed and accepted practice standards (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2017). Nursing practice demands for prudent ad pragmatic approaches in terms of conducting professional behaviors that are essential to ensure safe and quality healthcare services to the patient. As per the given scenario, the nurse exhibited lack of professional approach that ultimately resulted in death of the patient following progressive deterioration of her health status. It has been clearly stated in the case study that the nurse was informed about the declining health status of the patient evident through clinical manifestations of hypotension, tachypnoea in addition to abdominal pain and diarrhea upon her arrival to the ward. However, the nurse failed to acknowledge the criticality of the situation and did not resort to undertake prompt actions that were required of her. She could not fathom the urgency of therapeutic treatment intervention and hence did not perform the necessary actions that would have altered the situation for good. No doctor was summoned at that hour although her vital signs observations clearly indicated debilitating health status of the patient. The locum doctor appeared at the scene approximately three and half hours later. Moreover, she did not record her personal observations on arriving at the scene. However, the early presence of the doctor would have been of utility in terms of gauging the relative urgency of the situation and implementing suitable therapeutic actions. Further, documentation of valid observations would have aided in framing the nursing care and plan as suitable for the patient. Possession of the essential nursing skills such as that encompassing critical reflection and analysis would have generated positive outcomes. These virtues would have upheld competency and safe practicing norms for the nurses (Missen et al., 2016). Moreover, apart from these personal attributes, prior clinical experience to similar setting would have made difference. As far as critical care nursing is concerned, research has revealed that exp erience across the nurse practitioners is majorly responsible for inducing positive outcomes (Morton et al., 2017). Hence, it may be commented that a more professional approach would have reversed the given context and culminate in generating positive outcomes for the intended patient. Reflecting on the case study, I became aware about my own professional preparedness. I came to acknowledge the usefulness of biding by the professional standards and code of conduct in professional practice. Further, significance of lawful and ethical compliance to nursing practice became clearer to me. Codes of ethics as suitable to relevant situation was clearly elucidated to me as I perceived that keeping aside the safe and quality practice in nursing, the ethical virtues must also be maintained in due course to account for optimal outcomes for the patient (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2017). Reviewing the content of case study, I feel enlightened in terms of knowing the pivotal role of documentation in nursing practice. I believe, as an integral part of nursing care, the nurses should strive to document their observations explicitly even though it might appear trivial a times. Correct documentation would account for indicating the course of appropriate therapeutic practice there by aiding in formulation of an appropriate care plan directed to the patient (Woods et al., 2015). As a new graduate nurse, I think it is within the scope of practice to undertake the actions that might ultimately result in rendering safe and competent care services to the patient. Nurses must be proactive in their efforts and thorough about their knowledge regarding their professional conduct and work in alliance with the professional standards and code of ethics as fostered by competent authorities. In case of deviation from these ideal behaviors, they are liable to be prosecuted under the court of law. Gross violation of accepted protocols and practices would account for proceeding with necessary actions that might be leading to legal trials and appropriate actions as applicable in particular case scenario. Moreover, nurses must take responsibility or be accountable for their behaviors. Critical reflection to a specific situation is necessary to strategize suitable actions in favor of holistic outcomes for the patient. Prudent insight into a given scenario is vital to acknowledge the specific condition of patient. Therefore, nurses must be well versed and aware about their professional accountability to ensure safe and optimal healthcare service for the pati ents. References Burrell, L. A. (2014). Integrating critical thinking strategies into nursing curricula.Teaching and Learning in Nursing,9(2), 53-58. doi: 10.1016/j.teln.2013.12.005 Krautscheid, L. C. (2014). Defining professional nursing accountability: a literature review.Journal of Professional Nursing,30(1), 43-47. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2013.06.008 Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Missen, K., McKenna, L., Beauchamp, A., Larkins, J. A. (2016). Qualified nurses' rate new nursing graduates as lacking skills in key clinical areas.Journal of clinical nursing,25(15-16), 2134-2143. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13316 Morton, P. G., Fontaine, D., Hudak, C. M., Gallo, B. M. (2017).Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2017).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice.Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2017).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards (Code of professional conduct for nurses).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2017).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards (Code of ethics for nurses).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx Okaisu, E. M., Kalikwani, F., Wanyana, G., Coetzee, M. (2014). Improving the quality of nursing documentation: An action research project.curationis,37(2), 1-11. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v37i1.1251 Woods, C., West, C., Mills, J., Park, T., Southern, J., Usher, K. (2015). Undergraduate student nurses self-reported preparedness for practice.Collegian,22(4), 359-368. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2014.05.003

EIA Proposal Linear Pipeline

Question: Discuss about theEIA Proposal for Linear Pipeline. Answer: Project Description: This project is about the Environmental Impact assessment of the linear gas pipe line in Iran. Iran has 22 thousand kms of gas pipeline and has the longest gas and oil pipelines in the Middle East. It likewise has the third biggest utilization of common gas on the planet after United States and Russia. At present, Iran is delivering just a little share of its gas saves, around 5.5 trillion cubic feet (160 billion cubic meters) every year. A critical issue here will happen is natural effect, security and wellbeing because of the pipeline development. In different words, quite a bit of industry improvement requires, experimentally and prescient target arranging in view of security, wellbeing and ecological factors. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are generally acknowledged as a viable device for anticipating changes in ecological conditions and setting up natural administration projects and its advantages are all around acknowledged. The point of the EIA is to decide, to gauge, to evaluate and to propose measures for moderation of the ecological effects connected with the proposition for execution, the basic leadership for usage of the Investment Proposal and with expecting the separate responsibilities. Ecological appraisals of such activities which are delegated a straight venture, in numerous specialized and methodological angles are not quite the same as different undertakings. Point of Differentiation: The project work will be conducted in an organized way with the use of modern technical equipments of the Information Technology. The most vital point of the team of this project work is the organized team structure. The team will be subdivided according to the different kinds of roles and responsibilities. Individual team members will be responsible for individual works. After completing the individual works, the total data set of the study will be analyzed and the EIA of the selected pipeline will be evaluated. Project Team and Structure: The structure of the team will be consist of the following positions: Advisors Advising Assistant Project Manager Client Contact Treasurer and Data Manager. The graphical representation is given below: Organization of meeting for the EIA: The gathering will hold calculated gatherings week after week for one hour with consultants and one hour with gathering individuals as it were. Extra gatherings will be held as required. Erin will make a plan for every meeting if important, and gatherings will begin with an audit of this plan furthermore, activity errands for every part. Detailed Scope of Work: The main methodology that will be used for this EIA will be the use of matrix of explanatory checklist. This will help to understand the critical impact of the linear gas pipeline on the environment. Close by this strategy is assessed utilizing , because of its points of interest in Holistic together and also giving the general vision of the natural results of a venture be exceptionally valuable:. Consequently, in this study the assessment framework for the investigation of the ecological effects of the venture will be utilized. In this unique circumstance, we first total an agenda of critical natural results straight gas pipeline physical environment, organic, socio - financial and arrive utilize ponder region is displayed. Disciplines of the EIA: Analysis of the scopes and effects: This is associated with the identifications of the regional issues concerned with the topic of the EIA. In this step, the valued environmental components (VEC) are identified that can be related with public, government or any other professional community. Through the help of the EIA, new types of VECs are identified. Identification of the Mitigation: After the identification of the VECs, the impacts of the activities of the selected topic in each of the VECs need to be evaluated in the EIA. After that the mitigation strategy need to be find for reducing the negative impacts. The mitigation strategy should be developed with respect to the level of severity with the identified VECs. Evaluation of the Significances: This is about the evaluation of the significance of the residua; effects. Risk Management: Expanded consideration is currently being given to natural risks in connection to contaminant evaluations and ecological administration programs. Natural risk appraisal has been characterized as a procedure that assesses the likelihood or probability that antagonistic biological impacts will happen (or have happened or are happening) as a consequence of introduction to stressors from different human exercises. Such impacts can happen on non-human environmental segments running from life forms, to populaces and groups, to biological systems. Stressors can be compound, physical, organic, or radiological in nature, with the significant segment of current intrigue identified with the utilization or potentially present or past transfer of mechanical chemicals or pesticides. A given environmental risk evaluation study could be thin (one biological part, one stressor, and one human movement) or far reaching (various natural segments, numerous stressors, and different exercises). Both human wellbeing risk appraisal and biological risk evaluation inside the EIA procedure can be proficient utilizing one to a few of the accompanying methodologies: (1) Tending to real or saw risks utilizing a distinct or subjective approach; (2) Computation or assurance of a relative risk file in view of data on a few chose variables; (3) Relative correlations of the apparent risks of the choices being assessed; and additionally (4) A quantitative, probabilistic approach concentrated on real risks of the choices being assessed. Risk evaluation contemplations can incorporate human wellbeing as well as biological risks, and mixes thereof. Such contemplations can be centred around one and only part of the venture being tended to (e.g., utilization of pesticides in vegetation administration), or on one stage (e.g., development or operation or decommissioning), or on the total of all angles and stages. Background: Natural gas is one of the world's most critical and quickly developing vitality sources. Gas is progressively channelled from well to port where it is solidified into a fluid, delivered to business sectors in refrigerated tankers, and warmed once more into gas to be infused into neighbourhood pipelines. While changing from coal to gas in different parts of the world has some ecological points of interest, there are numerous worries about the effects of gas pipelines. For example, pipelines laid on the ocean bottom regularly prompt to the resuspension of silt, bringing about natural particles voyaging long separations by means of ocean streams. The dispatching and de-authorizing of ocean bottom pipelines could be destructive to fish stocks and fisheries, while over the ground pipelines ashore are boundaries to natural life and domesticated animals developments. Pipelines crossing waterways can bring about stream interruptions and expanded dregs amid trenching, while on farmland agrari an exercises might be influenced amid and after the development stage. The transportation of funnels and other gear from production lines or import to the pipeline course, represents a progression of difficulties including disturbance of movement, weakening of street surfaces, the requirement for new or enhanced get to streets, tidy and discharges from vehicles, and potentially the spread of sexually-transmitted sicknesses, for example, HIV and Aids. Once built, covered and secured over, pipelines posture less natural issues, yet they are defenceless against harm by tremors and surges, and demonstrations of treachery. While a harmed gas pipeline is typically repaired decently fast, gas discharges posture restricted wellbeing risks, and adjacent groups may encounter an assortment of bothers amid checking and repair operations. Project Plan: Management of the Deadline: The Group Project Manager will be in charge of monitoring due dates and guaranteeing that other gathering individuals meet the school and gathering due dates The gathering will concur on all due dates at gathering gatherings, in this manner every part is in charge of meeting due dates since they set them Due dates for individual research areas are recorded in the assignments courses of events and will be checked at week by week gatherings by consultants Email will be the essential strategy for conveying updates. All gathering individuals comprehend that email is our essential method for correspondence and consent to fill whatever remains of the gathering in as to whether they won't check their email consistently (at any rate once every day). A rundown of missed due dates will be kept for reviewing purposes Conflict Resolution Intervention inside the gathering is the initial step of activity in case of contention inside the gathering. Struggle determination will return to the workforce guides just if intercession inside the gathering comes up short. Unfulfilled work or neglected due dates must be archived if protestations against a gathering part exist. Assemble individuals will compose a quarterly assessment of gathering advancement for both guides and individuals to see. Information Management One shared directory for the gathering will chronicle a wide range of documentation Try not to adjust another part's records; In any case, all records ought to be available to all gathering individuals All gathering venture work ought to be kept in the gathering directory Deliverables and Expected Results: Deliverables Completion Date 1st draft of the EIA proposal Final draft of the EIA proposal Background research or literature review Presentation of the proposal Written report of the progress Draft of the Final EIA report Final EIA report Final presentation It is expected that the particular results from each of our four research classes. In the monetary segment, it can be hoped to give a money saving advantage investigation of the building and specialized venture costs, barring non-showcase ecological expenses or advantages, versus the potential incomes from characteristic gas deals, and conceivably additionally from outflow diminishment credits. The legitimate research will give an intensive depiction of the lawful prerequisites and potential snags for the venture. From the marine research area, will be demonstrated a subjective evaluation of the natural effect of the venture on water quality and marine biota of the linear gas pipelines. The second part of the ecological appraisal, air quality and atmosphere, will be a quantitative model of the project is affect on neighbourhood air quality, and part, assuming any, in environmental change. For two reasons, the exploration given may face some difficulties. To start with, this venture is still in the formative stages. Second, time restricts our information accumulation and examination capacities. In any case, it does not mean to obviously diagram extend ranges that require extra explore in our last record. Bibliography: Phillips, N. G., Ackley, R., Crosson, E. R., Down, A., Hutyra, L. R., Brondfield, M., ... Jackson, R. B. (2013). Mapping urban pipeline leaks: Methane leaks across Boston.Environmental pollution,173, 1-4. Jensen, M. D., Pei, P., Snyder, A. C., Heebink, L. V., Botnen, L. S., Gorecki, C. D., ... Harju, J. A. (2013). Methodology for Phased Development of a Hypothetical Pipeline Network for CO2 Transport during Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage.Energy Fuels,27(8), 4175-4182. Singh, J. (2015). Evaluating The Economic Impacts Of Pipeline Usage On Texas Oil Gas Supply Chain. Brogan, M. J. (2017). National Standards, Subnational Enforcement: Regulating US Natural Gas Pipelines. InThe Political Economy of Local Regulation(pp. 185-204). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Lawal, A. M., Bouzarovski, S., Clark, J. (2013). Public participation in EIA: the case of West African Gas Pipeline and Tank Farm projects in Nigeria.Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal,31(3), 226-231. Glasson, J., Therivel, R., Chadwick, A. (2013).Introduction to environmental impact assessment. Routledge. Wathern, P. (Ed.). (2013).Environmental impact assessment: theory and practice. Routledge. Morgan, R. K. (2012). Environmental impact assessment: the state of the art.Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal,30(1), 5-14. Ghods, N. N., Frh, W. G., Safavi, M. S. (2013, February). Safe management of industrial equipments for repairing Crude oil pipeline with EIA method. InIndustrial Technology (ICIT), 2013 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1506-1511). IEEE.